The Saudi Arabian Population Experiences and Expectations in the Working Climate During COVID19 Pandemic Era

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the working environment in a substantial way. The people expectations are important in term of planning. Objective(s): The objective of this study is to explore the expectations and experiences of the Saudi population during and after the COVID 19 pandemic. Method(s): A cross-sectional survey was used in this study, in which 381 residents filled out a structured online questionnaire. The collected data were coded and analyzed using SPSS version 22. The study obtained ethical approval, and all participants provided informed consent. Result(s): Half the population stated that they were dependent on digital media, and they spent more hours working from home [53.5%, 50%]. Two-thirds of the population stated that they missed social interaction. Eighty percent of respondents foreseen that virtual meetings, working from home, and computerization acceleration will become the norm even after the epidemic. Nearly fifty percent agreed that wearing a mask would become a usual practice. Inferential statistics showed that gender, occupation, and nationality all had statistically significant relationships with four domains of work experiences [P-value of less than 0.05], except for the relationship of nationality with the time spent at work. The expectation that the use of face masks would become normal and a fashion was not significantly associated with nationality, gender, or occupation with a P-value of [0.09, 0.28, and 0.93, respectively]. The expectation of the Home office to become a common practice was not associated with gender. Conclusion(s): Work expectations changes are associated with gender, occupation, and nationality. Copyright © 2022, Bahrain Medical Bulletin. All rights reserved.

Level and Associated Factors Predicting Happiness Among Princess Nourah University Students in Saudi Arabia During Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Happiness is considered as an important part of people's lives, and it has become part of Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision. Objective: Measure the levels and identify the demographic, family status, and academic factors associated with happiness among students in Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU). Methods: A cross-sectional study with 771 participants selected from health, humanities, and science colleges by quota-sampling techniques. The data were collected by an online questionnaire consisting of four sections including the Oxford happiness questionnaire. Inferential analysis was done using Chi-square, ANOVA test, and logistic regression. Results: The average mean of happiness between the three colleges were found to be 3.97 using the Oxford questionnaire. In the demographic factors, only household income and mother employment were found to be significantly associated with students' happiness. Regarding family status, only family type and the number of family members were found to be statistically significant. However, in the academic factors, all variables were found to be significant, except the field of study and academic level. Multivariable analysis found that household income, mother employment, family number, satisfaction with specialty, environment and classmates can successfully predict the level of happiness. Conclusion: The mean level of happiness among all colleges is nearly similar, but slightly higher among health colleges. The most associated domain with happiness was found to be academic. Six variables were found to be predictive of students’ happiness. This study recommends conducting regular screening to identify any variations of students’ happiness levels.

Vaccine hesitancy towards childhood immunizations as a predictor of mothers' intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

Background: Despite the success of childhood immunization in reducing vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccine hesitancy is now a global health threat to this achievement. The current COVID-19 pandemic may change the picture of vaccine hesitancy toward childhood immunizations, which could influence the mothers' intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Aim: To measure the prevalence and related factors of vaccine hesitancy towards childhood immunization during the era of COVID-19 along with the prevalence of mothers' intention to vaccinate their children the future COVID-19 and its association with childhood vaccine hesitancy. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted among 270 Saudi mothers attending outpatient clinics at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAAUH) in Riyadh by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from January to February 2021 using SAGE Group standardized questionnaire. Results: Although most mothers strongly agree on the importance of the vaccine (79%), almost one-fourth of mothers were hesitant towards childhood immunization (24.31%). Similar percentage of mothers' intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in the next 6 months was reported (24%). Vaccine hesitancy was found to be a significant predictor of mothers' intention. Mothers' education level was significantly associated with being hesitant towards childhood immunization as well as the intention to accept the future COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). Main reason that was highly significantly associated with being hesitant is the concerns about the side effect (50%). Conclusion: The present study reported a considerable percentage of mothers who are hesitant towards childhood immunization which predicts their intension to vaccinate towards COVID19 and is associated with the level of education. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Behaviors and Attitude towards COVID19 Disease among the Saudi Population Based on Sociodemographic characters

Aim: To investigate the attitude and associated sociodemographic characteristics of KSA residents toward COVID-19 during the peak of the pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-section study was conducted during the lockdown period among 465 Saudi Arabia residentsenrolled by using a snowball sampling technique. Data was collected through an online questionnaire contained Likert scale questions regarding assessing attitudes of the population towards COVID preventative measures. The statistical analysiswas doneusingSPSS version 22, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA),and regression tests were used to evaluate the relationship between the variables. Results: The mean score for perception towards COVID 19 was25.93± 2.217.Most of the items got more than 90% highest agreement was for dealing with diseases should be based on medical advice (97.63%) followed adhering to preventive procedure decrease disease infectionof the population(59.96%). The lowest score was for havingdirect contact witha COVID patient even when committing to preventive measures.There is nostatistical association betweenage and genderwith behavior.ANOVA test showed gender issignificantly associated with agreeing that following preventive measuresreduces the possibility of disease infection while the profession is significantly associated with being in contact with aCOVID patient while committing to preventive measures. Conclusion: This study showed a positive attitude towards COVID-19 among the Saudi population, which could play an important role in following the preventive measures and thus reduce the spread of the disease.